National Resource Center for Reaching 
Victims Presents:
The Impact of Crime on Historically 
Marginalized Communities


Whitney Parker & Ana Price


Historically Marginalized Workgroup


WOCN, Inc.
July 2, 2019



Introductions



Introductions (2)
Name
Gender Pronouns
Organization
Your role at the Organization and the Project 
What Motivates you to work in your field?



Women of Color Network


Various Women of Color standing next to each other in unity and support. They are smiling.
Mission


The mission of the 
Women of Color Network, Inc. (WOCN, Inc.) 
is to eliminate violence against
ALL women and their communities by 
centralizing the voices, wellness and leadership of women of 
color across the Sovereign Nations, the United States and U.S. 
Territories.



Introductions: Whitney Parker


•
Whitney Parker, She/Her/Hers
•
Ujima
, Inc.: The National Center on Violence Against 
Women in the Black Community.
•
Ujima
Program Specialist 
•
I’m motivated by the difference I know I can make in 
the Black community. I specifically like working with 
youth and young adults on this issue.
•
For more information about 
Ujima
, Inc., please visit 
www.ujimacommunity.org
. 


Whitney Parker, program specialist for Ujima, Inc.: The National Center on Violence Against Women in the Black Community.

Introductions: Ana Price


•
Ana Price, She/Her/Hers
•
Deaf Unity 
•
Executive Director for Deaf Unity
•
As an agent of change with my experience, 
expertise, strength and vigor, I am motivated 
to build bridges and fill in gaps, mitigate 
issues within the Deaf community who 
experience an array of violence.
•
For more information about Deaf Unity, 
please visit 
www.deafunitywi.org


Ana Price, Executive Director of Deaf Unity

Lay of The Land


Various Women of Color standing next to each other in unity and support. They are smiling.

How is violence 
understood by the survivors 
from the communities you 
work with?



Who is the Black Community?


Diversity of Black women
•
African American, African, 
African Immigrant, Afro
-
Latinx, 
and Afro
-
Caribbean.
•
We are not monolithic. The 
Black community is the most 
diverse community, especially 
when it comes to:
•
Culture
•
Income
•
Education
•
Housing
•
Economy 





Black Population Statistics


Black population statistics, including population growth from 1990-2016. You can access the source at :https://blackdemographics.com/population/ 
Access the Source: 
Black 
Population Statistics 1990
-
2016



Types of violence in the Black 
Community


•
Gun Violence
•
Gang Violence
•
Sexual Violence (SV)
•
Domestic Violence (DV)
•
Intimate Partner Violence 
(IPV)
•
Institutional and Structural 
Violence


handcuffs on a table

What are the DV and SV statistics?


•
Black women are:
•
Black women are murdered at a rate more than twice as 
high as white females.
•
About 17% of Black women in the U.S. experienced 
sexual violence other than rape by an intimate partner 
during their lifetime.
•
Among students, 11% of Black girls in a national high 
school sample reported having been raped. 





What are the DV and SV statistics? (2)


•
Black youth are:
•
Three times more likely to be victims of reported child abuse 
or neglect.
•
African American girls and women 12 years and older 
experienced higher rates of rape and sexual assault than 
White, Asian, and Latina girls and women from 2005
-
2010.
•
30% of Black women with documented histories of childhood 
sexual abuse were sexually assaulted in adulthood.





What are the gun violence 
statistics?


•
About 50% of U.S. gun
-
related deaths in 2015 were African 
American men, despite the fact that African Americans make up 
about 6% of the U.S. population.


•
The overall life expectancy loss is twice as high among Blacks 
compared with whites and is driven by substantially higher 
homicide rates among blacks up to age 20. 



What are the gun violence statistics? (2)


•
Homicide by gun is the leading cause of death among Black youth, the 
second leading cause of death among all male youth, and the second or 
third leading cause of death among female youth (depending on the 
specific age group).
•
Black youth are three times more likely to be victims of robbery and five 
times more likely to be victims of homicide.
•
Homicide is the leading cause of death among African American youth 
ages 15 to 24
.



How is violence understood by the 
survivors from the communities you 
work with?


Violence effects the Black 
community differently


•
Economic status
•
Education status
•
Zip code
•
Access to resources


Deep in thought

How is violence understood by the 
survivors from the communities you work 
with? (2)


Many cultural considerations can hinder healing for 
Black women survivors: the burdensome expectation 
of strong Black womanhood; the power of the Black 
church; the desire to shield Black men; and the lack 
of self
-
care examples are all real dynamics Black 
women survivors endure.


Jazelle
Hunt, “Field lessons from reporting on Black women survivors of sexual 
violence”



How is violence understood by the 
survivors from the communities you work 
with? (3) 


Because of African
-
Americans’ unique history of 
racist and sexist victimization, the Black community 
has an even harder time than others dealing with 
rape. This prevents survivors from getting help and 
our community from addressing the issue effectively.


Lori Robinson, “I Will Survive: The African
-
American Guide to Healing from 
Sexual Assault and Abuse



Impact of Violence on 
Deaf People



What does it mean to be Deaf?


Deaf Umbrella includes: Deaf (big D), deaf (little d), Hard of Hearing, Late Deafened, and DeadBlind

Hearing 
Impaired


Deaf and dumb


Deaf mute


Do not use terms like: Hearing Impaired, Deaf and dumb, Deaf-mute, 

Oppression in the Deaf 
Community


•
People of color 
experience 
racism
.
•
Females experience 
sexism
.
•
Deaf/Hard of hearing 
people experience 
audism


•
Barriers
•
Lack of respect for 
communication needs
•
Deprivation of 
Information and 
Stereotyping
•
Attitude 
•
Disempowerment



Power and Control


•
Intimidation
•
Emotional Abuse
•
Isolation
•
Minimize/Deny/Blame
•
Using Children/Family
•
Economic Abuse
•
Coercion/Threats


Deaf power and control wheel:
Intimidation – withhold information that they can’t hear, or say “I’ll hear you if you do this…”
Emotional Abuse – make them feel bad about being unable to hear
Isolation – withhold information that one normally can hear 
Minimize/Deny/Blame – accuse deaf person of not being able to do something because they’re stuck with the deaf person
Using children/family – use children/family to withhold access to information/communication. 
Economic Abuse – say deaf people can’t work because they’re deaf, or take full responsibility of their finances. OR use their SSDI. 
Coercion/Threats – force them to use a specific interpreter. Force them to not request for interpreting services (can do themselves). 

Communication


•
American Sign Language
•
Writing/Texting
•
Lip
-
reading
•
Buddy



Statistics 


Nearly 50% of Domestic Violence Agencies provide sign langauge interpreters
Deaf individuals are 150% more likely to be victims of assault, abuse, and bullying in their lifetime

Statistics (2)


Domestic violence impacts one out of every 2 deaf women
31% of deaf men and women experience emotional abuse

Statistics (3)


50% of all Deaf children have been estimated to have experienced sexual abuse prior to adulthood.

Deaf children are at 
HIGH RISK 
of 
language deprivation



92% of Deaf children hae hearing parents, 98% of Deaf children have no access to education in sign language, and 3 out of 4 parents do not sign with their Deaf child

Word cloud with Oppression, Fear, Trust, Trauma, Deaf, Audism, and more. 

Organizational Barriers


Various Women of Color standing next to each other in unity and support. They are smiling.

What practices do 
organizations engage in 
that cause barriers to your 
communities?



At the Organizational Level


•
Distribution of resources
•
Education
•
Job Security
•
Gentrification or community 
development that deliberately 
leaves the Black community out
•
Outreach tactics


Meeting of the minds. Discussing important issues around Black community.

At the organization level


•
Hearing privilege
•
Lack of access to 
information 
•
Lack of access to resources


•
Audism
•
Individual Oppression
•
Systematic Oppression


•
Lack of communication 
access
•
Interpreters




signing the word "privilege"

Intersectional Strategies


Various Women of Color standing next to each other in unity and support. They are smiling.

Please share strategies/ 
practices you use with 
survivors of crime from 
your marginalized 
communities?



Strategies/practices Ujima uses with 
survivors of crime from the Black 
community


•
Building a platform
•
Training
•
Advocacy
•
Community outreach
•
Organizational 
development


Meeting of the minds. Discussing important issues around Black community.

Deaf Unity provides these services in 
the Deaf and hearing communities


•
Advocacy Services
•
Native Language 
•
Tear Down Barriers
•
Cultural Competency
•
Training
•
Raise Awareness of Privileges
•
Basic information on working with Deaf clients



Questions?


an animation of a woman holding a large question mark. This slide is to open up the call for questions.

THANK YOU
for your time, expertise
and participation!



Contact Information:


Ana Price
, Executive Director, Deaf Unity: 
ana@deafunitywi.org


Whitney Parker
, Program Specialist, 
Ujima
: 
wparker@ujimacommunity.org


Various Women of Color standing next to each other in unity and support. They are smiling.